Yoshihiro Tobe, 大島筆記 Oshima Hikki, 1762
The page regarding Kushanku, the Chinese diplomat Quán Kuí (全魁) who led the 1756-1757 Chinese investiture mission to the Kingdom of Ryūkyū is located here. 公相君 are the original Chinese characters for his title, not his name, his name was Quán Kuí. As it stands, the kata names ‘Kūshankū, Kosokun, and Kwankū’ correspond to him, regardless of pronunciation.
Basil Hall. Account of a Voyage of Discovery / to the West Coast of Corea, and the Great Loo-Choo Island, 1818. This voyage took place from July to November, 1816.
“On returning to the cabin to tea, they were all in high spirits, and while amusing themselves with a sort of wrestling game, Ookooma, who had seen us placing ourselves in the boxer’s sparring attitudes, threw himself suddenly into the boxer’s position of defence, assuming at the same time a fierceness of look which we had never before seen in any of them. The gentleman to whom he addressed himself, thinking that Ookooma wished to spar, prepared to indulge him; but Mádera’s quick eye saw what was going on, and by a word or two made him instantly resume his wonted sedateness. We tried in vain to make Mádera explain what were the magical words which he had used to Ookooma. He appeared anxious to turn our thoughts from the subject, by saying, “Loo-choo man no fight; Loo-choo man write—no fight, no good, no, no. Ingerish very good, yes, yes, yes; Loo-choo man no fight.” Possibly he considered that Ookooma was taking too great a liberty; or, perhaps, he thought even the semblance of fighting unsuitable with the strict amity subsisting between us.” Page 168-169
Ookuuma = Chief of the Pechin who attended their ship, Okuma Pechin
Mádera = Lead Interpreter, Maehira Pechin
John McLeod, Voyage of His Majesty’s ship Alceste, along the coast of Corea to the Island of LewChew, 1818
“Crimes are said to be very unfrequent among them, and they seem to go perfectly unarmed, for we observed no warlike instruments of any description…it must have been the policy of the Chinese to disarm them, for it appears that, in the first instance, they defended themselves nobly against their attacks, as well as those of the Japanese. Not even a bow or arrow was to be seen;” Page 122
Nagoya Sagenta Tokiyuki, 南島雑話 Nanto Zatsuwa 1853-1856
This wonderfully illustrated record of life on the island of Amami Oshima depicts two men doing what appears to be, hardening their fists. The first, a seated man striking the back of his fist downward against a stone, sandbox, or some type of box. And the second, a man appears to be standing while punching or striking what seems to be an upright makiwara. In some versions, the second illustration is absent, however, the seated man is present in every version. In any event, the concept of fist hardening is relevant to our studies given the context of the illustration’s title, Kenpo-jutsu (拳法術), therefore, we understand that its practice was related to martial arts.
Ochaya-udun Demonstration 1867
御茶屋御殿跡（うちゃやうどぅんあと）= Ochaya-udunato, or royal teahouse villa.
Ochaya-udun was a resting villa for Ryukyuan royalty. It was located in the eastern part of the Shuri castle grounds in Sakiyama, it was also known as “the eastern garden.” It was finished in 1677 by King Shō Tei, as a place to entertain envoys from China and the Satsuma clan. This incredible historical event is included because it was the first recorded Okinawan kata demonstration ever for the Chinese envoys at the royal teahouse villa, hosted by the Kumemura Meirindō school. Amazingly, Seisan, Shisōchin, and Suparinpei are listed as having been performed. This is absolutely astonishing.
職牌 真栄里筑親雲上
鉄尺並棒 真栄里筑親雲上/新垣通事
十三歩 新垣通事
棒並唐手 真榮田筑親雲上/新垣筑親雲上
ちしゃうきん 新垣通事親雲上
籐牌並棒 富村筑親雲上/新垣通事親雲上
鉄尺 真榮田筑親雲上
交手 真榮田筑親雲上/新垣通事親雲上
車棒 池宮秀才
壱百〇八歩 富村筑親雲上
Timbe Maeda Chikudon Pechin
Sai & Bo Maeda Chikudon Pechin/Aragaki Tsuji
Seisan Aragaki Tsuji
Bo & Tōdi Maeda Chikudon Pechin/Aragaki Chikudon Pechin
Shisōchin Aragaki Tsuji Pechin
Timbe & Bo Tomimura Chikudon Pechin/Aragaki Tsuji Pechin
Sai Maeda Chikudon Pechin
Hand to Hand Maeda Chikudon Pechin/Aragaki Tsuji Pechin
Wheel-Staff Ikemiyagusuku Shusai
Suparinpei Tomimura Chikudon Pechin
Seisan 十三歩. 13 Steps. From the Fujian White Crane form 十三步摇.
Chishauchin ちしゃうきん. This is most likely the original Fujianese pronunciation of the form now known as Shisōchin.
Suparinpei 壱百〇八歩. The original Fujianese pronunciation of 108 Steps. A very long empty hand form.
Transactions of The Asiatic Society Of Japan Vol.1 (1872-73), 1874 From the Chapter “Notes on Loochoo” by Ernest Mason Satow.
“As regards more manly accomplishments, they are expert archers on horseback and good marksmen with the matchlock. Their skill in boxing is such that a well-trained fighter can smash a large earthen water-jar or kill a man with a single blow of his fist.” Page 6
William Henry Furness, Life in the Luchu Islands, 1899
“The prize was awarded to the winning boat by the government, and local history reveals that these races always end in a free fight.” Page 15 (Regarding Boat Racing matches)
“We were told that young men occasionally engage in boxing bouts, with bare knuckles; all blows are struck with the right hand, while the left is used solely as a guard. Clinching and wrestling for a fall are considered legitimate features of the sport. Rokshaku is another manly sport with the order of the single-stick, with a staff about six feet long” Page 19
Ryukyu Shimpo, Tomikawa Seiboku “Teachers School Karate Meeting” January 25, 1911. 富川盛重「師範校の唐手大会」『琉球新報』明治44年1月25日
「最後に斯道の名手として当日来会せる富名腰義珍氏の「セーサン」、喜友名氏の「パッサイ」、屋部憲通氏の「五十四歩」、糸數氏の「ナイハンチン」等ありて閉会したり。」
「唐手の種類はナイハンチ、ピンアン、チントー、ワンスー、パッサイ、トンスー、クーサンクー、ローハイ、五十四歩、ヂッテ、ナンテー、ヂー、セーサン、ワンダウ、ヂゥーム等の15種にして生徒の中優等者として授賞されたるもの左の如し。」
Funakoshi Gichin’s Seisan セーサン
Mr. Kiyuna’s Passai パッサイ
Yabu Kentsu’s Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Mr. Itokazu’s Naihanchin ナイハンチン
Naihanchi ナイハンチ
Pinan ピンアン
Chintō チントー
Wansū ワンスー
Passai パッサイ
Tonsū トンスー
Kūsankū クーサンクー
Rōhai ローハイ
Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Jitte ヂッテ
Nantei ナンテー
Jī ヂー
Seisan セーサン
Wandau ワンダウ
Jūmu ヂゥーム
Ryukyu Shimpo, Shōtō (Funakoshi Gichin) “Okinawa no Bugi: Part 2” January 18, 1914. 安里安恒談･松濤筆「沖縄の武技（中）」『琉球新報』大正3年1月18日
“Those who received instruction from a castaway from Annan in Fuzhou, from Tomari include Gusukuma and Kanagusuku (Chinto), Matsumora and Oyadomari (Chinte), Yamasato (Jiin) and Nakasato (Jitte) who learned these and Chinese narrative prose. Their teacher was in a hurry to return to his home country.”
「漂着した福州安南の人より稽古したのが泊の城間と金城は「チントー」、松村と親泊は「チンテー」、山里は「ヂーン」、仲里は「ヂッテ」と手賦（てくば）りに習った。それは先生が帰国を急いだからであった。」
Chintō チントー
Chinte チンテー
Jiin ヂーン
Jitte ヂッテ
Ryukyu Shimpo, “Experts of Karate” March 21, 1918 唐手の達人達 『琉球新報』 大正 7年 3月 21日
“At the appointed time, students third grade or higher from the regular course performed Ryukyuan Sumo and a Karate match. This was proceeded by Karate Bunkai, more Kata, followed by warm-ups and an additional match. Later, Yabu sensei explained to the audience about kata that was taught at the school.”
“Next were demonstrations of Motobu Chōyu ’s Shyōchin, old Kiyuna’s Passai, old Chinen’s Bō, and Yabu’s Gojūshiho.”
「次に本部朝勇氏のショーチン、喜友名翁のパッサイ、知念翁の棒使い、屋部の五十四歩について型を示し。」
Sōchin ショーチン
Passai パッサイ
Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Funakoshi Gichin, 琉球拳法 唐手 Ryūkyū Kenpo Karate, 1922
Pinan Shodan ピンアン初段
Naihanchi Shodan ナイハンチ初段
Kushanku 公相君
Pinan Nidan ピンアン二段
Pinan Sandan ピンアン三段
Pinan Yondan ピンアン四段
Pinan Godan ピンアン五段
Naihanchi Nidan ナイハンチ二段
Naihanchi Sandan ナイハンチ三段
Seishan セーシャン
Passai (Dai) パッサイ（大）
Wanshu ワンシユウ
Chintō チントウ
Jitte ジッテ
Jion ジォン
Pinan 平安 (There are 5)
Naihanchi ナイハンチ (There are 3)
Bassai バッサイ (Dai・Sho)
Kushanku 公相君 (Dai・Sho)
Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Seishan セーシャン
Chintō チントウ
Chinte チンテー
Jiin ジーン
Jitte ジッテ
Jion ジォン
Wanshu 汪輯 (Kanji for Wāng Jí’s name)
Wandau ワンダウ
Rōhai ローハイ
Jūmu ジュウム
Wandou ワンドウ
Sōchin ソーチン
Niseishi 二十四
Sanseiru 三十六
Supareipai 一百零八
Wankuwan ワンクワン
Kokan コカン
Unshu 雲手
Funakoshi Sensei lists the students of the old masters.
Ason: Sakiyama, Gushi, Nagahama, and Tomoyori, all of Naha
Iwah: Matsumura of Shuri, Maesato of Kume, and Kogusuku (Kojo)
Wai Xinxian: Shimabukuro of Uemondono, Higaonna of the West, Higaonna of the East, Senaha, and Kuwae
The drifter of Fuzhou Annan: Shiroma (Gusukuma), Kaneshiro, Matsumora, Yamasato, and Nakasato, all of Tomari
Sakiyama’s lineage was entrusted to Tomigusuku Oyakata of Shuri
Matsumura’s lineage was entrusted to Asato
Gusukuma’s lineage was entrusted to Itosu
Funakoshi Gichin, 錬膽護身 唐手術 Rentan Goshin Karate Jutsu, 1925
Identical lists as 1922, with the addition of Sanshin (Sanchin).
Pinan Shodan ピンアン初段 (Still the original version)
Naihanchi Shodan ナイハンチ初段
Kushanku 公相君
Pinan Nidan ピンアン二段
Pinan Sandan ピンアン三段
Pinan Yondan ピンアン四段
Pinan Godan ピンアン五段
Naihanchi Nidan ナイハンチ二段
Naihanchi Sandan ナイハンチ三段
Seishan セーシャン
Passai パッサイ
Wanshu ワンシユウ
Chintō チントウ
Jitte ジッテ
Jion ジォン
Pinan 平安 (There are 5)
Naihanchi ナイハンチ (There are 3)
Bassai バッサイ (Dai・Sho)
Kushanku 公相君 (Dai・Sho)
Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Seishan セーシャン
Chintō チントウ
Chinte チンテー
Jiin ジーン
Jitte ジッテ
Jion ジォン
Wanshu 汪輯 (Kanji for Wāng Jí’s name)
Wandau ワンダウ
Rōhai ローハイ
Jūmu ジュウム
Wandou ワンドウ
Sōchin ソーチン
Niseishi 二十四
Sanseiru 三十六
Supareipai 一百零八
Wankuwan ワンクワン
Kokan コカン
Unshu 雲手
Sanshin 三進 (Sanchin)
Motobu Choki, 琉球拳法唐手術組手編 Okinawa Kenpo Tōdi Jutsu Kumite Hen, 1926
Sanchin サンチン
Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Seisan セーサン
Seiyunchin セーユンチン
Suparinpei 一百零八
Naihanchi (3 levels) ナイハンチ
Bassai (Dai・Sho) バツサイ（大・小）
Chinto チントー
Chinte チンテー
Wanshū ワンシユー (2 versions of Tomari)
Rōhai ローハイ (2 versions of Tomari)
Kushanku 公相君 (3 versions)
Pinan 平安
Motobu Choki, 私の唐手術 Watashi no Karate Jutsu, 1932
Identical list from his earlier 1926 publication.
Sanchin サンチン
Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Seisan セーサン
Seiyunchin セーユンチン
Suparinpei 一百零八
Naihanchi (3 levels) ナイハンチ
Bassai (Dai・Sho) バツサイ（大・小）
Chinto チントー
Chinte チンテー
Wanshu ワンシユー (2 versions of Tomari)
Rōhai ローハイ (2 versions of Tomari)
Kushanku 公相君 (3 versions)
Pinan 平安
Miyagi Chojun, 唐手道概説 Karate-do Gaisetsu, 1933 (Japan 1934)
In his outline, Miyagi Sensei states, “Sanchin, Tenshō, and Naifanchi are the fundamental Kata.” Unfortunately, he does not name the Kaishu kata. He does say, however, “Nowadays we have about twenty or thirty kinds of Kata.”
「三戦ならびに転掌およびナイファンチは、共に基本型にして。」
Sanchin 三戦
Tenshō 転掌
Naifanchi ナイファンチ
Mabuni Kenwa, 十八の研究 Seipai no Kenkyū, 1934
This amazing book showcases one single kaishu kata, Seipai. Mabuni Sensei demonstrates the kata’s movements, and bunkai with Konishi Yasuhiro Sensei, complete with photography. Near the end of the book, other exercises like the Rokkishu are shown, as well as “a portion” of the Bubishi.
Seipai 十八の型
Rokkishu 六氣手
Morinobu Itoman, 唐手術の研究 Tōdi Jutsu no Kenkyu, 1934 (Mario McKenna translation)
1. Seisan 十三歩
2. Iha-shi Seisan 伊波氏十三歩
3. Kyan-shi Seisan 喜屋武氏十三歩
4. Seipai 十八歩
5. Niseshi (Nijushiho) 二十四歩
6. Sanseru 三十六歩
7. Kyan-shi Useshi (Gojushiho) 喜屋武氏五十四歩
8. Itosu-shi Useshi (Gojushiho) 糸洲氏五十四
9. Suparinpei Dai & Sho 一百零八歩 大 小
10. Toma-shi Ryuho 富間氏龍歩
11. Rokishu 六機手
12. Unshu Dai & Sho 雲手 大 小
13. Ryushu Dai & Sho 龍手 大 小
14. Nanshu Dai & Sho 南手 大 小
15. Pinan Shodan, Nidan, Sandan, Yondan, Godan 平安 初段 二段 三段 四段 五段
16. Kusanku Dai & Sho 公相君 大 小
17. Wanshu 汪楫
18. Naifanchi Shodan, Nidan, Sandan ナイファンチ 初段 二段 三段
19. Passai Dai & Sho パッサイ 大 小
20. Tawada-shi Passai 多田氏パッサイ
21. Jitte ジッテ
22. Chinto チントウ
23. Tomari no Chintō 泊のチントウ
24. Chinte チンテ
25. Niwon 二ーヲン
26. Unuibu ウヌイブー
27. Nuichie ヌイチエー
28. Jiin ジーン
29. Jūmu ジュウム
30. Kokan コカン
31. Yoshimura-shi Channan 吉村氏チャンナン
32. Seiyanchin セーヤンチン
33. Chinpei チンペー
34. Jion ジオン
35. Wandau ワンダウ
36. Rōhai ローハイ
37. Motobu-shi Sochin 本部氏ソーチン
38. Aragaki-shi Sochin 新垣氏ソーチン
39. Pichurin ピッチュウリン
40. Hanashiro-shi Kururunfa 花城氏クルルンファー
41. Wankuwan ワンくワン
42. Seishun セーシュン
Funakoshi Gichin, 空手道教範 Karate-dō Kyohan First Edition, 1935
平安（ピンアン）Heian (Pinan)
拔塞（バッサイ）Passai (Bassai)
観空（公相君）Kwanku (Kushanku)
燕飛（ワンシュウ）Empi (Wanshū)
岩鶴（チントウ）Gankaku (Chintō)
十手（ジッテ）Jitte
半月（セーシャン）Hangetsu (Seishan)
騎馬立（ナイハンチ）Kibadachi (Naihanchi)
慈恩（ジオン）Jion
Funakoshi Sensei demonstrates these kata.
Heian Shodan 平安初段 (Pinan Nidan)
Heian Nidan 平安二段 (Pinan Shodan)
Heian Sandan 平安三段 (Pinan Sandan)
Heian Yondan 平安四段 (Pinan Yondan)
Heian Godan 平安五段 (Pinan Godan)
Bassai Shodan 拔塞初段 (Bassai Dai)
Kanku 観空 (Kushanku)
Kibadachi Shodan 騎馬立初段 (Naihanchi Shodan)
Kibadachi Nidan 騎馬立二段 (Naihanchi Nidan)
Kibadachi Sandan 騎馬立三段 (Naihanchi Sandan)
Hangetsu 半月 (Seishan)
Jitte 十手
Empi 燕飛 (Wanshū)
Gankaku 岩鶴 (Chintō)
Jion 慈恩
Nakasone Genwa, 空手道大観, 1938 (Mario McKenna Translation)
Hanashiro Chomo is pictured performing Jion
Mabuni Kenwa is pictured performing Aragaki Sochin (Mentions other versions)
Chibana Choshin is pictured performing Matsumura (Tawada) Passai (Mentions Itosu’s version)
Otsuka Hironori is pictured performing a bowing ceremony, and dagger disarming techniques
Taira Shinken is pictured performing Kongo no Kata (actually Shushi no Kon)
The kobudo kata below are mentioned
Shushi no Kon
Sakugawa no Kon (three versions)
Yonegawa no Kon
Shirataru no Kon
Tsuken Bo (three versions)
Sunakake no Kon (two versions)
Teruya no Kon
Choun no Kon
Shikiyanaka no Kon
Sesoko no Kon
Nakasone Genwa is illustrated performing Karate-do kata 1-12
Mabuni Kenwa, 攻防自在護身拳法空手道入門 Kobo Jizai Goshin Kenpo Karate Dō Nyumon, 1938
Mabuni Sensei selected these kanji for familiar kata.
Kusanku クーサンクー 公相君
Naihanchi ナイフアンチ 内歩連
Pinan ピンアン 平安
Wanshu ワンシユウ 汪輯
Tenshō 轉掌
Mabuni Sensei claims Channan was Itosu’s original name for the Pinan kata.
Channan チャンナン
Itosu Sensei Line
Naihanchi (1-3) ナイフアンチ Suggests 内歩連
Pinan (1-5) ぴんあん 平安
Rōhai (1-3) ローハイ Suggests 鷺牌
Kōshōkun (Dai・Sho・Shiho) こうしようくん 公相君
Passai (Dai・Sho) パツサイ Suggests 抜砦
Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Jitte ジツテ
Jiin ジーン
Jion ジオン
Chintō チントウ
Chinte チンテー
Wanshū ワンシユウ Suggests 汪輯
Higashionna Sensei Line
Sanchin さんちん 三戦
Tenseu てんせう 轉掌 (Kanji reads Tenshō)
Seisan セーサン 十三
Seienchin セーエンチン
Seipai セーパイ 十八
Sanseiru サンセールー 三十八 (Kanji misspelled)
Suparinpai スーパーリンパイ 一百〇八 Pechūrin ペッチユウリン 百歩連
Sōchin ソーチン
Saifa サイファ
Kururunfa クルルンファー
Aragaki Sensei Line
Niseishi 二十四
Unshu 雲手
Sochin ソーチン
Mabuni Sensei mentions two versions of Sochin.
Aragaki Sochin 新垣派ソーチン
Higashionna Sochin (Today in Gōjū-ryū) 東恩納派ソーチン
Two versions of Seisan.
Naha 那覇セーサン
Shuri 首里セーサン
And two versions of Gojushiho.
Matsumura Gojushiho 松村派五十四歩
Itosu Gojushiho 糸洲派五十四歩
Miyagi Hisateru, 空手道 Karate-dō, 1953
Miyagi Sensei was a colleague of Funakoshi Gichin, and studied under Itosu Anko and Yabu Kentsu. An 84-year-old Funakoshi Sensei is pictured, and also gives the forward to this book. Within this work, Pinan Shodan is identical to Heian Shodan. However, many of Funakoshi Sensei’s kata names are used and is credited with these changes.
Pinan 1-5 ピンアン 平安
Naihanchi 1-3 (Kibadachi) ナイハンチ（騎馬立）
Kusanku. Kankū クーサンクー（公相君）観空
Passai パツサイ（拔塞）
Sanchin サンチン
Rōhai ローハイ
Seisan (Hangetsu) セーサン（半月）
Jitte ジッテ（十手）
Wanshū (Empi) ワンシユウ（燕飛）
Chintō (Gankaku) チントウ（岩鶴）
Jion ジオン（慈恩）
Gojushiho 五十四歩
Pictured.
Kusanku Sho 公相君（小）
Ichikawa Kojiro, 空手道入門 Karate-dō Nyumon, 1955
This book was endorsed by the Nippon Karate Kenkyukai, which later changed its name to Nippon Karate-do Shotokai. Interestingly, many kata on this list have their updated names that have since been rejected for the original kata names. A posture from Itosu’s Rohai Shodan is shown several times in this book, which is interesting.
Itosu Sensei’s Line of Kata
Pinan/Heian 1-5 ピンアン/ヘイアン 平安 From Channan チヤンナン
Naihanchi 1-3 ナイフアンチ 内歩連
Kushanku クーシヤンク 公相君 観空
Kushanku Dai & Sho 公相君 大・小
Chibana Kushanku 知花公相君
Shiho Kushanku 四歩公相君 Made by Itosu & Mabuni
Wanshū ワンシユウ 燕飛
Wankuwan ワンクワン（飛濤）
Chintō チントウ（鎮東）岩鶴
Chinte チンテー（松蔭・鎮定）
Rōhai ローハイ （明鏡・鷺牌）
Gojushiho 五十四歩（鳳啄）
Yabu Gojushiho 屋部五十四歩
Bassai Dai・Sho 大・小 バッサイ（拔塞）
Jiin ジイン（松喬）
Jion ジオン（慈恩）
Jitte ジッテ（十手）
Aragaki Sensei’s Line of Kata
Niseishi ニーセーシ 二十四 撥雲
Unshu ウンシユ 雲手
Sōchin ソーチン 松風
Higashionna Sensei’s Line of Kata
Sanchin サンチン 三戦
Tenshō テンショウ 転掌 From Rokkishu 六気手.
Seishan セイシャン（半月）
Seisan セーサン（十三）
Seienchin セーエンチン（征遠鎭）
Seipai セーパイ（十八）
Saifa サイフア（最破）
Sanseiru サンセール（三十六）留頓
Suparinpai スーパーリンパイ 一百〇八 Also called Pechurin 百歩進
Sōchin ソーチン（八荒）（壮鎭）
Kururunfa クルルンファー（来留破）
Funakoshi Sensei’s Line of Kata
Ten no Kata 天之型
Chi no Kata 地之型
Jin no Kata 人之型
Taikyoku 1-3 大極
Hironishi Motonobu, 目でみる空手入門 Me de miru Karate Nyumon, 1955
This book contains possibly the first photographed version of the updated kata Meikyō and refers to its derivation from the earlier kata Itosu Rōhai. Also photographed is Heian Godan. Despite Motonobu Sensei being the Third Chairman of the Shotokai, the techniques appear comparable to a “JKA” style of Shotokan.
Heian Godan 平安五段
Meikyō 明鏡
Konishi Yasuhiro, 空手上達法 Karate Jotatsu Ho, 1956
Taisabaki Nidan 体捌弐段の形
Taisabaki Sandan 体捌三段の形
Seiryu 青柳の形
Gojūshiho 五十四歩の形
Pinan Shodan 平安初段の形 (Heian Nidan From Funakoshi Sensei)
Passai Dai パッサイ大の形 (From Mabuni Sensei)
Pinan Nidan 平安弐段の形
Pinan Sandan 平安参段の形
Pinan Yondan 平安四段の形
Pinan Godan 平安五段の形
Jitte ジッテの形
Jion ジオンの形
Jiin ジインの形
Niseishi ニーセーシ（二十四の形）
Wanshu ワンシュウの形
Shinpa シンパー（心破の形）
Sōchin ソーチンの形
Unsū ウンスウ（雲手の形）
Konishi, 図解空手入門 神道自然流 Zukai Karate Nyumon Shindō Jinen-Ryū, 1956
Itosu Sensei no Kata
Pinan 平安 (1-5)
Naihanchin 内歩進 (1-3)
Rōhai ローハイ (1-3)
Koshokun 公相君 (Dai・Sho・Shiho)
Passai パッサイ (Dai・Sho)
Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Jitte ジッテ
Jiin ジーン
Jion ジオン
Chintō チントウ
Chinte チンテー
Wanshu ワンシュウ
Aragaki Sensei no Kata
Niseishi 二十四（ニーセーシー）
Unsu 雲手（ウンスー）
Sōchin ソーチン
Higaonna Sensei no Kata
Sanchin 三進
Tenshō 轉掌
Seisan 十三
Seienchin セーヱンチン
Seipai 十八
Sanseiru 三十六
Suparinpai 一百〇八
Sōchin ソーチン
Saifa サイファー
Kururunfa クルヽンファー
Konishi Sensei mentions other kata.
Seisan セーサン (Multiple Versions)
Tawada no Passai タハタのパッサイ
Ishimine no Passai 石嶺のパッサイ
Gojūshiho 五十四歩 (Itosu・Matsumura)
Shimpa シンパー
Pappuren パープレン
Haufa ハウフアー
Nijūhachiho 二十八歩
Taisabaki 體捌 1-3
Toyama Kanken, 奥義秘術空手道 Okugi Hijutsu Karate-dō, 1956
In this book, Toyama Sensei is shown performing Naihanchi Shodan and Koryu Useshi. Koryu Useshi is Matsumura Sensei’s version of Gojushiho that he learned from Yabu Kentsu. The two kata in this book are photographed beautifully.
Photographed Kata.
Naifanchi Shodan ナイファンチ初段
Koryu Useishi 古流五十四歩の型
Pinan Nidan 平安二段
Naihanchi Nidan ナイハンチ二段
Naihanchi Shodan ナイハンチ初段
Pinan Shodan 平安初段
Kusanku Dai 公相君大
Pinan Yondan 平安四段
Seisan 十三
Jitte ヂッテ
Seipai 十八
Gojūshiho 五十四歩
Chintō チントウ
Kusanku Sho 公相君小
Naifanchi ナイファンチ
Passai パッサイ
Tomari no Passai 泊ノパッサイ
Seisan 十三
Suparinpei 一百零八
Seisan 十三
Passai パッサイ
Funakoshi Gichin, 空手道一路 Karate-dō Ichiro, 1956
「一握りもある立木の皮を両の掌で剥ぐでしまうほどの使い手喜友名先生、儒者の風格があった那覇手の東恩納先生、常識に秀れていた新垣先生、やはり名人といわれた松村先生。」
“Bark ripper with both hands to living trees, Kiyuna Sensei. Naha-te’s own Confucian styled, Higashionna Sensei. Preeminent genius, Aragaki Sensei. As always, the famous Master, Matsumura Sensei.”
Aside from Asato and Itosu, Funakoshi Sensei details the other karate masters he studied with, Kiyuna Sensei, Higashionna Sensei, Aragaki Sensei, and Matsumura Sensei.
Ieshiro Kotake, 空手極意教範 Karate Gokui Kyōhan, 1958 (The first edition was released in 1954)
Pinan 1-5 (Heian) ピナアン（平安）
Naihanchi 1-3 (Kibadachi) ナイフアンチ（騎馬立）
Kushaku (Kanku) クーシヤク（観空）Dai and Sho 大・小
Bassai バッサイ（拔塞）Dai and Sho 大・小
Wanshū (Empi) ワンシユウ（燕飛）
Chintō (Gankaku) チントウ（岩鶴）
Jitte ジツテ（十手）
Seishan (Hangetsu) セイシャン（半月）
Jion ジオン（慈恩）
Rōhai (Meikyo) ローハイ（明鏡）
Sōchin (Hakkō) ソーチン（八荒）
Niseishi (Hatsuun) ニーセーシー (撥雲）
Wankuwan (Hitō) ワンクワン（飛濤）
Chinte (Shōin) チンテー（松蔭）
Jiin (Shōkyō) ジイン（松喬）
Gojushiho (Hōtaku) 五十四歩（鳳啄）
Taikyoku 1-3 太極
Ten no Kata 天之形
Chi no Kata 地之形
Jin no Kata 人之形
Ieshiro Sensei Also mentions.
Sanchin 三戦（サンチン）
Tenshyau 転掌（テンシャウ）
Nishiyama Hidetaka, Karate The Art of “Empty Hand”Fighting, 1960
Heian no. 4
“There are more than fifty formal exercises handed down from the past. Some are very old, others of more recent origin. There are relatively simple ones, extremely complicated ones, those requiring agile movement, others depending on muscular or breath control. Modern students of karate are urged to master a variety of them, rather than concentrating on any one.” Page 150
“Formerly called by the Chinese word Ping-an…they were changed to their present Japanized form by Funakoshi Gichin around 1920″ Page 152 (Heian)
Onko Chishin, “Kaneshima Shinsuke” November 21, 1961
Kaneshima Shinsuke (64) – Douchin
First ever demonstration of Douchin
“He was born in Yonabaru Town in 1897. He served as the second mayor of Yonabaru and is presently the chairman of the town assembly. On the side of his busy official activities, he opened the Shobukan Dojo and devote himself in instructing his juniors. From the age of 15, he learned from Motobu Choyu sensei (elder son of Motobu Saaru) among others. Since then and for more than 50 years, he has kept practicing karatedo. At the coming demonstration, he will perform the kata Douchin.”
“Douchin is a kata never seen in Okinawa, therefore, it will be the first-ever demonstration in public. It is one of the many secrets that Mr. Kaneshima has in his repertory. He learned this kata from Chin Hando sensei after crossing over to Taiwan when 17. Kaneshima has dedicated his life to karatedo and he is eager to demonstrate, his face is filled with confidence. Very involved with the preservation of kobudo, he together with President Higa Seitoku, has gone all around the island to gather the authorities of kobudo.”
“And he will prove it as he will perform Douchin for the first time in public. Wiping his sweat he goes on saying that he is not at all short of breath because as he explains karate built great physique and spirit. (Yonabaru Town Morishita Ward 35)”
Extra notes: According to the “Okinawa Karate Kobudo Encyclopedia,” Kaneshima Sensei passed away in 1990 at the age of 93. He was also a student of Tokuyama Chogi Sensei. He used the name of his master to name his own karate “Tozan-ryu.” Today, some of his students continue his legacy using the name “Shorinpa Kenpo Tozan-ryu.”
Sakamoto, Edward. “A Karate Champ and some of his views.” Black Belt Vol. 1, No. 6, 1963: Page 23
Kanazawa Hirokazu is shown performing the kata Unsu in Black Belt magazine. What’s interesting is that Kanazawa Sensei placed in 1960, not 1963 All Japan Karate Championships, so I think the photo is from 1960. In any event, this is possibly the earliest photographs of Shotokan Unsu being performed at a tournament. Also in 1963, Sugiura Motokuni Sensei created a six-volume 8mm film entitled “Techniques of Karate” in which Nakayama Masatoshi Sensei is shown performing Unsu in Volume 6.
Nakayama Masatoshi, Karate Kata: Heian・Tekki, 1970
Heian 1 平安初段
Heian 2 平安二段
Heian 3 平安三段
Heian 4 平安四段
Heian 5 平安五段
Tekki 1 鉄騎初段
Tekki 2 鉄騎二段
Tekki 3 鉄騎三段
Bassai Dai 拔塞 大
Bassai Sho 拔塞 小
Kanku Dai 観空 大
Kanku Sho 観空 小
“Free kata may be chosen from Bassai, Kanku, Hangetsu, Empi. Jion, Tekki, Jitte, Gankaku, Nijūshihō, Gojūshihō, Unsu, Sōchin, Meikyō, Chintei, Wankan, and others.” Page 11
Funakoshi Gichin, Karate-dō Kyōhan, 1973 (English translation)
Taikyoku Shodan (Mentions 1-3)
Heian Shodan
Heian Nidan
Heian Sandan
Heian Yondan
Heian Godan
Bassai
Kwankū
Tekki Shodan
Tekki Nidan
Tekki Sandan
Hangetsu
Jutte
Empi
Gankaku
Jion
Ten no Kata (Omote・Ura)
“Having mastered these five forms, one can be confident that he is able to defend himself competently in most situations. The meaning of the name is to be taken in this context.” Page 35 Heian
“The name of this kata was derived originally from that of the Chinese military attache Kū Shanku, who introduced it. I have changed the name to the present one referring to the first movement of the kata, in which one raises his hands and looks up at the sky.” Page 36 Kwankū
“The distinctive motion of this kata is an upper-level attack following which one grasps the opponent and draws him inward, simultaneously jumping in and attacking again. The movement resembles the up and down and flipping away flight of a swallow.” Page 36 Empi
“One characteristically describes semicircles with the hands and feet, and the name is derived from this.” Page 36 Hangetsu
“The name refers to the distinctive feature of these kata, their horse riding stance.” Page 36 Tekki
Funakoshi Gichin, Karate-Do: My way of life, 1975 (Originally published in 1956)
“Sometimes I would practice under the tutelage of the two masters, Azato and Itosu at the same time.” Page 7
“Meanwhile, I continued assiduously with my karate, training under a number of teachers: Master Kiyuna…Master Tōono of Naha…Master Niigaki…and Master Matsumura.” Page 13 *Kiyuna, Higashionna, Aragaki, and Matsumura.
「一握りもある立木の皮を両の掌で剥ぐでしまうほどの使い手喜友名先生、儒者の風格があった那覇手の東恩納先生、常識に秀れていた新垣先生、やはり名人といわれた松村先生。」
As you can observe from the original Japanese, Tōono should read Higashionna, and Niigaki should read Aragaki. The translator seems unfamiliar with pre-established Okinawan pronunciation, which is unfortunate.
“…almost all the kata names I described in my book were of Okinawan origin: Pinan, Naihanchi, Chinto, Bassai, Seishan, Jitte, Jion, Sanchin, and the like. These were, in fact, the names that I had learned long ago from my own teachers.” Page 36
“I began to give the kata names that were easier to the Japanese people to use and that have now become familiar all over the world: Ten no Kata, Chi no Kata, Hito no Kata, Empi, Gankaku, Hangetsu, Meikyō, Hakkō, Kiun, Shōtō, Shōin, Hotaku, Shōkyō and so on.” Page 37
“Oh no, not my wife! What she did to relieve her exhausted body was go outside and practice karate kata, and in due course, she became so adept that her movements were as dexterous as those of an expert.” Page 41
“It was not without a trace of pride that, in the spring of 1936, I entered for the first time the new dōjō (in Zoshigaya, Toshima Ward) and saw over the door a signboard bearing the dōjō’s new name: Shōtō-kan.” Page 83
Sakagami Ryusho, 空手道大鑑・平安編 Karate-dō Taikan – Pinan, 1976 (The first edition was released in 1974)
Itosu Line
Pinan 1-5 ピナアン 平安
Jitte ジッテ 術手
Jion ジオン 慈音
Jiin ジイン 慈允
Passai Dai, Sho パッサイ 抜砦 大 小
Kusanku Dai, Sho 公相君 大 小
Shiho Kusanku 四歩公相君
Naifanchin 1-3 ナイファンチン 内歩進
Wanshu ワンシュウ 腕秀
Chintō チントウ 鎮党
Chinte チンテー 鎮定
Rōhai 1-3 ローハイ 鷺牌
Gojūshiho ゴジュシホウ 五十四歩
Chinshu チンシュウ 鎮衆
Wandaun ワンダウン 椀打雲
Higashionna Line
Gekisai 1-2 ゲキサイ 撃砦
Sanchin サンチン 三戦
Tenshō テンショウ 転掌
Seisan セーサン 十三
Seipai セーパイ 十八
Seienchin セーエンチン 征遠鎮
Sanseiru サンセール 三十六
Saifa サイファ 砦破
Shisochin シソーチン 師壮鎮
Kururunfa クルルンファー 来留破
Suparinpei 壱百零八
Matsumora Line
Passai パッサイ 抜砦
Rōhai ローハイ 鷺牌
Wankan ワンカン 腕貫
Chintō チントウ 鎮党
Wanshū ワンシュウ 腕秀
Aragaki Line
Sōchin ソーチン 壮鎮
Niseishi ニーセーシ 二十四
Unshu ウンシュウ 雲手
Matsumura Line
Seisan セーサン 征参
Passai パッサイ 抜砦
Uechi Line
Sanchin サンチン 三戦
Seisan セーサン 十三
Sanseiru サンセール 三十六
Shinpa シンパー 侵破
Ishimine Line
Passai パッサイ 抜砦
Kuniyoshi Line
Kushanku 公相君
Chatan Yara Line
Kushanku 公相君
Nagamine Shōshin, The Essence of Okinawan Karate-do, 1976
Matsubayashi ryū
1. Fukyugata I
2. Fukyugata II
3. Pinan Shodan
4. Pinan Nidan
5. Pinan Sandan
6. Pinan Yondan
7. Pinan Godan
8. Naihanchi Shodan
9. Naihanchi Nidan
10. Naihanchi Sandan
11. Ananku
12. Wankan
13. Rohai
14. Wanshu
15. Passai
16. Gojushiho
17. Chinto
18. Kusanku
“It is believed that there once existed thirty kata in Shuri-te and Tomari-te, but only eighteen have been preserved in Matsubayashi-ryu karate-do; sixteen were inherited from Choki Motobu, Chotoku Kyan, and Ankichi Arakaki, and two (Fukyugata I and II) were later added.” Page 125
“Two Fukyugata commonly practiced today were composed by Shoshin Nagamine, the originator of Matsubayashi-ryu karate, and Chojun Miyagi, the originator of Goju-ryu karate, because the kata of the Shuri and Naha schools had been too difficult for beginners. In 1940, two of the compositions were authorized to be the formal basic kata by the special committee of Okinawa karate-do organized and summoned by Gen Hayakawa, then governor of Okinawa Prefecture.” Page 126
“Pinan Shodan to Godan were composed in 1907 by Anko Itosu who was born in 1830. They were originally intended for high school students. The name of this kata must be pronounced pinan, not heian, as it often is in mainland Japan.” Page 139
Egami Shigeru, The Way of Karate: Beyond Technique, 1976
Taikyoku 1-3
Heian 1-5
Bassai
Kankū
Tekki 1-3
Hangetsu
Jutte
Empi
Gankaku
Jion
Ten no Kata (Omote and Ura)
“The nineteen kata designated for practice by the Shōtō-kan were: Taikyoku Shodan, Taikyoku Nidan, Taikyoku Sandan, Heian Shodan, Heian Nidan, Heian Sandan, Heian Yodan, Heian Godan, Bassai, Kankū, Tekki Shodan, Tekki Nidan, Tekki Sandan, Hangetsu, Jutte, Empi, Gankaku, Jion, and Ten no Kata (Omote and Ura;)” Page 103
Toguchi Seikichi, Okinawan Goju-ryu The Fundamentals of Shorei-kan Karate, 1976
1. Hookiyu Kata no. 1
2. Hookiyu Kata no. 2
3. Gekisai no. 1
4. Gekisai no. 2
5. Gekisai no. 3
6. Gekiha no. 1
7. Gekiha no. 2
8. Kakuha no. 1
9. Kakuha no. 2
Hisataka Masayuki, Scientific Karate-do, 1976
Sanchin
Naihanchin
Nijushiho
Heian kata ichi (or shodan)
Sankakutobi
Heian yon (dan)
Happiken
Koshiki Naihanchin
Seisan
Bassai
Chinto
Sochin
Jion
Kusoku (Kusokun)
Shoji Hiroshi, Karate Kata Series 2: Gojushiho (Dai), 1976
“GOJYUSHIHO (Dai) includes a technique of three consecutive Chūdan (middle-section) attacks with Hitosashi-yubi-ippon-nukite (one-finger spear-hand with forefinger) shifted from Keitō-uke (chicken-head-wrist block); and GOJYUSHIHO (Sho) includes a technique of three consecutive Chūdan (middle-section) attacks with Shihon-tate-nukite (four-finger vertical spear-hand) shifted from Chūdan-tate-shutō-uke (vertical knife-hand block against body attack) through Haishu-osae-uke (back-hand pressing block).” Page 2
Nakayama Masatoshi, Best Karate Vol. 1: Comprehensive, 1977
“The kata, about fifty of which have come down to the present day…” Page 94
“3. There are kata that must be learned and kata that are optional. The former are the five Heian kata and the three Tekki kata. The latter are Bassai, Kankū, Empi, Hangetsu, Jitte, Gankaku, and Jion. Other kata are Meikyō, Chinte, Nijūshiho, Gojūshiho, Hyakuhachiho, Sanchin, Tenshō, Unsu, Sōchin, and Seienchin.” Page 95
Oyama Masutatsu, Mas Oyama’s Essential Karate, 1978 (The first edition was released in Japan, 1975)
The kata pictured are
Taikyoku 1
Taikyoku 3
Heian 4
Heian 5
Saiha
Sakagami Ryusho, 空手道型大鑑 Karate-dō Kata Taikan, 1978
This updated list is similar to Sakagami Sensei’s 1976 Karate-dō Taikan – Pinan book, apart from the new inclusions of the Uechi Line, and Additional kata.
Descended from the Uechi Line
Sanchin サンチン 三戦
Seisan セーサン 十三
Sanseiru サンセール 三十六
Shinpa シンパー 侵破
Kanshiwa カンシワ 完子和
Seiryu セーリュリウ 十六
Kanchin カンチン 完戦
Seichin セーチン 十戦
Kanshu カンシュウ 完周
Additional
Haffa ハッファ 白鳥
Nippaipo ニッパイポー 二十八歩
Pappuren パープーレン 八歩連
Jūroku ジュウロク 十六
Aoyagi アオヤギ 青柳
Ryūshu リュウシウ 龍手
Nanshu ナンシウ 南手
Anankō アーナンコウ 阿南公
Ishimine Bassai 石嶺のバッサイ
Oyadomari Bassai 親泊のバッサイ
Teruya Bassai 照屋のバッサイ
Azato Bassai 安里のバッサイ
Oshiro Bassai 大城のバッサイ
Motobu Bassai 本部のバッサイ
Kyan Bassai 喜屋武のバッサイ
Itokazu Jitte 糸数の十手
Chatanyara Kusanku 北谷屋良の公相
Chibana Kusanku 知花の公相君
Kuniyoshi Kusanku 国吉の公相君
Iha Seisan 伊波のセーサン
Kyan Seisan 喜屋武のセーサン
Aragaki Seisan 新垣のセーサン
Oshiro Seisan 大城のセーサン
Yabu Gojushiho 屋部の五十四歩
Motobu Sochin 本部のソーチン
Kyan Chinto 喜屋武のチントー
Hanashiro Kururunfa 花城クルルンファ
Tōma Ryuho 當間の龍歩
Yoshimura Channan 吉村のチャンナン
Seishu セーシュウ
Nichin ニーチン
Unuibu ウヌイブー
Nuichie ヌイチェー
Jūmu ジュウム
Kokan コカン
Chinpei チンペイ
Nakayama Masatoshi, Best Karate, 1979
Vol.5: Heian, Tekki
Vol.6: Bassai, Kankū
Nakayama Masatoshi, Best Karate, 1981
Vol.7: Jitte, Hangetsu, Empi
Vol.8: Gankaku, Jion
“The basic Heian and Tekki kata and the free kata from Bassai to Jion are all the essentially important Shōto-kan kata. in 1948, disciples from Keio, Waseda and Takushoku universities met with Master Gichin Funakoshi at Waseda University. Their purpose was to form a viewpoint for the unification of the kata, which in the period after the war were subject to varied individual and subjective interpretations. The kata as presented in Best Karate embody the criteria for the standardization established at that time.” Page 14
Kanazawa Hirokazu, Shotokan International Kata (Vol. 1), 1981
Heian Shodan 平安初段
Heian Nidan 平安二段
Heian Sandan 平安三段
Heian Yondan 平安四段
Heian Godan 平安五段
Tekki Shodan 鉄騎初段
Bassai-Dai 拔塞大
Kanku-Dai 観空大
Enpi 燕飛
Sochin 壮鎮
Meikyo 明鏡
Ji’in 慈蔭
Gojushiho-Dai 五十四歩大
Kanazawa Hirokazu, Shotokan International Kata (Vol. 2), 1982
Jion 慈恩
Jitte 十手
Hangetsu 半月
Gankaku 岩鶴
Tekki Nidan 鉄騎二段
Tekki Sandan 鉄騎三段
Chinte 鎮手
Bassai Sho 拔塞小
Kanku Sho 観空小
Nijushiho 二十四歩
Unsu 雲手
Wankan 王冠
Gojushiho Sho 五十四歩小
Randall G Hassell, Conversations with the Master: Masatoshi Nakayama, 1983 (Their interview was conducted in 1982)
“..the kata we now call Kanku Dai was formerly called Kushanku and we practice it exactly the way Master Funakoshi interpreted it.” Page 77
“The kata we call Kanku Sho and Bassai Sho are simply well-known variations of the original kata, Kanku and Bassai.” Page 77
“A kata that was developed and introduced by Yoshitaka Sensei, for example, is Sochin. Sochin was his specialty, and we learned it from him…” Page 79
“But Master Funakoshi never ceased his study of other forms of karate, and when we visited Master Mabuni, Master Funakoshi told me to learn Gojushiho and Nijushiho so we could study them more carefully. So Kenwa Mabuni taught me these kata.” Page 81
Enoeda Keinosuke, Shotokan Advanced Kata, 1983
Bassai-Dai 拔塞大 “To storm a Castle”
Kanku-Dai 観空大 “To look at the Sky”
Jion 慈恩
Empi 燕飛 “Flight of the Swallow”
Hangetsu 半月 “A crescent Moon”
Enoeda Keinosuke, Shotokan Advanced Kata Volume 2, 1983
Bassai-Sho 拔塞小 “To storm a castle and capture the enemy”
Kanku-Sho 観空小
Jiin 慈院
Gankaku 岩鶴 “A crane standing on a rock”
Sochin 壮鎭
“TEKKI Kata (Literally Iron Knight)” – M. Nakayama (Preface) Page 3
“Sensei Funakoshi designated the above fifteen kata (HEIAN 1.2.3.4.5. TEKKI 1.2.3. BASSAI, KANKU, JITTE, HANGETSU, EMPI, GANKAKU, and JION) – M. Nakayama (Preface) Page 3
Enoeda Keinosuke, Shotokan Advanced Kata Volume 3, Copyright Text 1983 (First published in 1986)
Tekki-Nidan 鉄騎二段
Tekki-Sandan 鉄騎三段 (Two versions)
Nijushiho 二十四歩
Gojushiho-Dai 五十四歩大
Gojushiho-Sho 五十四歩小
Sugiyama Shojiro, 25 Shoto-Kan Kata, 1984
Heian Sho-dan 平安初段
Heian Ni-dan 平安二段
Heian San-dan 平安三段
Heian Yon-dan 平安四段
Heian Go-dan 平安五段
Tekki Sho-dan 鉄騎初段
Bassai Dai 拔塞大
Jion 慈恩
Empi 燕飛
Kanku Dai 観空大
Hangetsu 半月
Jitte 十手
Gankaku 岩鶴
Tekki Ni-dan 鉄騎二段
Tekki San-dan 鉄騎三段
Ni jyu-shi-ho 二十四歩
Chin-tei 珍手
So-chin 壮鎭
Meikyo 明鏡
Unsu 雲手
Bassai Shō 拔塞小
Kanku Shō 観空小
Wankan 王冠
Go jyu-shi-ho Shō 五十四歩小
Go jyu-shi-ho Dai 五十四歩大
Higaonna Morio, Traditional Karatedo Okinawa Goju Ryu Vol 1. 1985
Sanchin
“1683 Wang Ji.” The Names of the Chinese Envoys sent to the Ryukyu Dynasty. “1683: A Chinese envoy, called Wanshu (Wang Ji) a master of kempo, teaches a kata later called “Wanshu” in Tomari village.” Page 20
(Wang Ji is known as Ōshū in modern Japanese)
“1756 Guan Kui.” The Names of the Chinese Envoys sent to the Ryukyu Dynasty. “1756: Chinese Kempo master Kusanku comes to Ryukyu.” Page 20
(Guan Kui was his original name, Kushanku was his more popular Okinawan identification)
Nakayama Masatoshi, Best Karate, 1985
Vol.9: Bassai Sho, Kankū Sho, Chinte
Nakayama Masatoshi, Best Karate, 1987
Vol.10: Unsu, Sōchin, Nijūshiho
Funakoshi Gichin, Karate-Dō Nyūmon, 1988 (1943 1st Edition)
Ten no Kata
Chi no Kata
Hito no Kata
Heian 1-5
Tekki 1-3
Bassai Dai・Sho
Kankū Dai・Sho
Empi
Gankaku
Jutte
Hangetsu
Jion
Meikyō
Hakko (Sōchin)
Kiūn (Nijūshiho)
Shōtō
Shōin (Chinte)
Hotaku (Gojushiho Dai)
Shōkyō (Jiin)
“The kata called Ten no Kata, explained in this book, was created and designed under the leadership and guidance of Master Funakoshi.” Page 7
“One of the subjects Master Funakoshi touches on in this book is his own masters: Azato, Itosu and Matsumura.” Page 9
“Master Itosu, from whom I so gratefully learned the Heian, Tekki and other kata, was the private secretary to the Ryukyuan king.” Page 22
“In 1891 or 1892, as I recall, a certain teacher at the Shuri Jinjo Koto Shōgakko in Okinawa began to teach karate to the students in his charge.” Page 25
“As far as I know, the only styles that have been handed down from the past are Gōjū-ryū of Master Miyagi and the Shito-ryu of master Mabuni. I have never given a name to the karate I am studying, but some of my students call it Shōtōkan-ryū.” Page 28
“At the Shōtōkan we are presently studying and investigating the following kata: Ten no Kata, Chi no Kata, Hito no Kata, Heian Shodan, Heian Nidan, Heian Sandan, Heian Yodan, Heian Godan, Tekki Shodan, Tekki Nidan, Tekki Sandan, Bassai Dai, Bassai Sho, Kankū Dai, Kankū Sho, Empi, Gankaku, Jutte, Hangetsu, Jion, Meikyō, Hakko, Kiun, Shōtō, Shōin, Hotaku and Shōkyō.” Page 49
“I did this diligently every day for ten years and was taught the three Tekki kata, which were Master Itosu’s specialty. I spent over three years on each one…” Page 100
Nakayama Masatoshi, Best Karate, 1989
Vol.11: Gojūshiho Dai, Gojūshiho Shō, Meikyō
“Gojūshiho Shō is a transformation of Gojūshiho Dai…” Page 108
Clifford M. Gyves, An English Translation of General QI Jiguang’s “Quanjing Jieyao Pian, 1993
This is an English translation of the chapters labeled Fist Canon and The Essentials of Nimbleness from the Jixiao Xinshu, the military manual compiled during the 1560’s through the 1580’s by General Qi Jiguang, one of the most successful generals of the Ming dynasty.
John Sells, Unante, 1996
We are very fortunate to own a copy of this amazing book. It is a must-have. Basically, any authentic karate history or any empirical data regarding karate will most likely have been said already in this book.
Nakamura Tadashi, Karate Technique & Spirit, 2001
Taikyoku #1 大極
Seido Kata #1 誠道型
Pinan 平安
Sanchin 三戦
Gekisai Dai 撃砕大
Gekisai Sho 撃砕小
Yantsu 安三
Tsuki no Kata 突きの型
Saiha 最破
Tenshō 転掌
Seienchin 征遠鎮
Bo Kata Chion 知音
Koryu Gojushiho 古流五十四歩
Kanku 観空
Sakumoto Tsuguo, 劉衛流空手形全集 All Kata of Ryueiryu Karate, 2005
Niseishi ニセーシー
Sanseiru サンセールー
Seisan セーサン
Pachu パーチュー
Heiku ヘイクー
Paiku パイクー
Anan アーナン
Mario McKenna, An Overview of Karatedo, 2009 (Translation of 空手道大観, 1938)
Henning Wittwer, The 1867 Program of the Three-Six-Nine and of All Arts: A New Translation and Explanation of its Martial Arts Sections. Classical Fighting Arts Vol 2 No 22 Issue 45, 2012, Pages 43-47
Mario McKenna, The Study of China Hand Techniques, 2012 (Translation of 唐手術の研究 1934)
Andreas Quast, A Stroll Along Ryūkyū Martial Arts History, 2015
With regard to the katakana and kanji used, they appear exactly how they were used in each corresponding publication. Thus, any misspelling by an author, although minimal, are kept uncorrected for authenticity.
If you feel certain kata are missing or underrepresented, please send me your old karate books in Japanese from the years 1922-1978. Or just scan the pages from the book’s kata list and I will translate it happily, and use the said book for this bibliography. Thank you!
© Alan Godshaw
2 responses to “Bibliography”
[…] Bibliography […]
very nice.